믹타, 공동성명에 ‘북 CVID 비핵화’ 포함
한국, 2025년 MIKTA 의장국 수임
한국이 2025년 믹타(MIKTA) 의장국을 수임, 향후 1년간 의장국 역할을 수행한다.
외교부는 20일 보도자료를 통해 남아공 요하네스버그에서 개최중인 G20 외교장관회의에 참석 중인 조태열 외교부 장관은 20일 오전 11시(현지시간) ‘제27차 믹타(MIKTA) 외교장관회의’에 참석해 향후 1년간 믹타 의장국으로서 우리의 활동 방향과 중점의제 등을 소개했다.
믹타는 멕시코, 인도네시아, 한국, 튀르키예, 호주로 구성된 범지역적 협의체로 2013년 9월 제68차 유엔총회 계기에 출범했으며, 우리나라는 이번 회의를 기점으로 제12대(2025.2월-2026.2월) 의장국 활동을 개시했다.
조태열 장관은 가자, 우크라이나, 수단, 콩고민주공화국, 아이티 등지에서 계속되는 분쟁에 우려를 표하면서, 인도적 상황 개선을 위한 믹타 회원국들의 노력을 촉구했다.
특히 북한의 불법 무기 지원 및 파병 등 러·북 간 군사협력이 우크라이나 상황을 더욱 악화시키고 우크라이나 국민의 고통을 연장하고 있다고 우려하면서, 북한이 이러한 도발을 중단하고 대화에 복귀하도록 믹타 회원국들이 함께 촉구할 것을 요청했다.
조 장관은 믹타 회원국들이 △올해 유엔 창설 80주년을 맞아 다자주의를 지지하는 데 앞장서고 △지속가능발전목표(SDGs) 달성을 위한 구체 협력사업을 이행하며 △시급한 전지구적 문제 해결을 위해 첨단기술을 활용하는 방안을 함께 모색해 나가자고 제안했다.
또한 조 장관은 우리 의장국 수임 기간 중 △평화구축 △청년 역량 강화 △SDGs 이행 가속화를 중점의제로 선정하고 활동해 나갈 계획이라고 설명했다.
믹타 장관들은 이번 회의에서 가자 사태, 우크라이나 전쟁, 시리아 상황, 북한 문제를 포함한 국제 현안 대응 의지를 강조하고, 민주주의·국제법·다자주의 증진 등 믹타 핵심 원칙을 재확인하는 공동 코뮤니케를 채택했다.
공동 코뮤니케에서 믹타 회원국들은 북한의 핵무기 프로그램 및 탄도미사일 발사에 중대한 우려를 표하고, 북한이 모든 유엔 안전보장이사회 결의를 준수할 것을 촉구했다. 또한 믹타 회원국들은 북한의 완전하고 검증가능하며 불가역적인 비핵화를 평화적으로 이루기 위한 국제사회의 노력을 주목했다.
‘북한의 완전하고 검증가능하며 불가역적인 비핵화’, 이른바 ‘CVID(Complete Verifiable Irreversible Dismantling)’ 방식의 비핵화를 명시한 대목이 눈에 띈다. 통상 ‘한반도 비핵화’가 6자회담 등 국제 다자외교에서 공식 용어로 주로 사용돼 온 것과 큰 차이가 나기 때문이다.
북한은 이미 ‘사실상 핵무기 보유국’ 지위를 획득했고, 비핵화 협상에 응할 의향이 없음을 분명히하고 있다. 더구나 도널드 트럼프 미국 대통령은 지난달 20일 취임 일성으로 북한을 ‘핵 보유국(nuclear power)’으로 지칭한 바도 있다.
앞서, 독일 뮌헨안보회의 계기에 지난 15일(현지시간) 진행된 한미 외교장관회담은 물론 한미일 외교장관회담에서 채택된 공동성명에는 ‘북한의 완전한 비핵화(complete denuclearization)’가 포함돼 ‘한반도 비핵화’에서 후퇴한 것 아니냐는 평가가 나온 바 있다.
더구나 독일 뮌헨안보회의 계기에 같은 날 열린 세계 주요 7개국(G7) 외교장관회담에서 나온 성명은 “모든 관련 유엔 안전보장이사회 결의에 따라 모든 핵무기, 기존 핵 프로그램 및 기타 대량살상무기(WMD) 및 탄도 미사일 프로그램을 완전하고 검증 가능하며 불가역적인 방식으로 포기할 것을 북한에 요구했다”고 ‘CVID’를 천명해 과거로 거슬러 가는 모양새를 보이기도 했다.
외교부는 “금번 회의는 범지역적 협의체인 믹타 외교장관들이 함께 모여 다자주의 강화 메시지를 효과적으로 발신하고 구체 협력 강화 방안을 논의함으로써 믹타의 제도적 기반을 강화하는 계기가 된 것으로 평가된다”면서 “우리나라는 금번 회의 논의 결과를 바탕으로, 2025년 믹타 의장국으로서 다자주의 강화와 글로벌 도전과제 해결을 위한 믹타의 노력을 선도해 나갈 계획이다”고 밝혔다.
27th MIKTA Foreign Ministers’ Meeting
1. We, the Foreign Ministers of Mexico, Indonesia, Republic of Korea, Türkiye, and Australia, convened in Johannesburg, South Africa, for the 27th MIKTA Foreign Ministers’ Meeting.
2. This year, under the guidance of Mexico’s coordination and its three priorities: 1) strengthening multilateralism; 2) placing women at the center of development efforts and 3) deepening our cooperation; we reaffirm our resolve to addressing global challenges through dialogue and cooperation, while underscoring our allegiance to MIKTA's core principles: democracy, upholding international law, and the promotion of multilateralism.
3. We welcome the Pact for the Future adopted at the Summit of the Future, including its two annexes, the Global Digital Compact and the Declaration on Future Generations, and encourage its effective implementation to reinvigorate the multilateral system and address new and emerging challenges with renewed resolve. The adoption of the Pact reflects our reaffirmed commitment to the implementation in full of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sustainable Development Goals. We also highlight the significance of our Leader’s gathering on the sidelines of the G20 Summit in Rio, where they reiterated their steadfast commitment to a secure, safe, peaceful, just, equal, inclusive, sustainable and prosperous world for all.
4. We voice our profound concern over the multifaceted challenges confronting the international community, including widening divisions, within and among countries, and escalating humanitarian crises. These issues threaten regional and global stability and are putting pressure on the multilateral system’s ability to respond.
5. We welcome the ceasefire agreement in the Gaza Strip as an important step toward alleviating the profound humanitarian suffering endured by the Palestinian people. We call for the effective implementation of its second and third phases, which foresee the release of all hostages and Palestinian detainees, emphasizing the urgent need to ensure the swift delivery of humanitarian aid to the Gazan population, as well as the prompt reconstruction of the Gaza Strip. We also oppose any violations of international humanitarian law, including forced displacement. We further call for a just and lasting solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict by peaceful means, based on the relevant United Nations resolutions and in accordance with international law, and on the basis of the two-State solution.
6. We reaffirm our commitment to the territorial integrity, unity and sovereignty of Syria and underscore the importance of an inclusive political process that meets the legitimate aspirations of all people of Syria. We reiterate that the voluntary, secure and dignified return of displaced Syrians requires solid early recovery and reconstruction efforts.
7. We remain gravely concerned about the protracted conflict in Ukraine and its devastating impact on human lives and global stability. We reaffirm our unwavering support for Ukraine’s sovereignty, independence, and territorial integrity within its internationally recognized borders. We call for an immediate cessation of hostilities and urge all parties to intensify diplomatic efforts aimed at achieving a comprehensive, just, and lasting peace.
8. We express concern over ongoing nuclear weapons and ballistic missile programs as well as ballistic missile launches by the DPRK, in violation of UN Security Council Resolutions. The DPRK’s ballistic missile launches, and destabilizing activities threaten international peace and stability. We call on the DPRK to comply fully with all relevant UNSC Resolutions and we reiterate our commitment to their full implementation. We also call on all concerned parties to resume dialogue, including to create a conducive environment towards a realization of lasting peace and stability in a denuclearized Korean Peninsula. We note international efforts to bring about the complete, verifiable and irreversible denuclearization of the DPRK in a peaceful manner.
9. We express our deep concern regarding the ongoing conflict in Sudan, which has led to devastating humanitarian consequences throughout the country and the region, as well as the recent escalation of violence in the eastern region of the Democratic Republic of Congo and call for all parties to engage in dialogue in good faith. We are further concerned over the ongoing security and humanitarian situation in Haiti and welcome the stabilization efforts by the Multinational Security Support Mission in Haiti (MSS).
10. We are deeply concerned by growing polarization and divisive rhetoric in many regions. We call on all leaders and nations to prioritize dialogue, uphold respect for diversity, protect and promote human rights, and adhere to international law. These actions are essential to fostering trust and ensuring a global environment where differences are resolved through peaceful and inclusive means.
11. We reaffirm our commitment to support migrants, including migrant workers and refugees in our efforts towards a more inclusive world, in line with national policies, legislations and circumstances, ensuring full respect for the human rights and their fundamental freedoms regardless of their migration status. We also recognize the importance of preventing irregular migration flows and the smuggling of migrants, as part of a comprehensive approach for safe, orderly and regular migration while responding to humanitarian needs and the root causes of displacement. We support strengthening cooperation between countries of origin, transit and destination.
12. We are determined to continue prioritizing the full, equal, safe, effective, accessible and meaningful participation and leadership of all women in all sectors and decision-making processes. We also emphasize the importance of combating discrimination, stereotypes and gender-based violence, including sexual violence, against all women and girls. Addressing critical issues such as the financial and digital inclusion of women, as well as the disproportionate role that women play in paid and unpaid care and domestic work, are essential to ensure an equal, full and meaningful participation of women in the economy.
13. We commend the collaborative efforts of MIKTA in articulating shared positions and producing 19 Joint Statements and 2 Special Communiqués over the past year. We encourage the continued exploration of areas where MIKTA can contribute constructively and concretely to international discourse and answering global challenges. We also commend MIKTA’s diplomatic missions for engaging in 46 cultural, academic and dialogue activities aimed at increasing our group’s outreach.
14. We reiterate our determination to strengthen MIKTA’s role as a platform for innovative and impactful collaboration, including through the MIKTA Development Cooperation Network, to foster inclusive sustainable development, to ensure no one is left behind. We task our Senior Officials to continue to explore areas of cooperation that enhance MIKTA’s impact and visibility on regional and global stages. These efforts are vital to fostering trust, understanding, and shared progress.
15. We express our appreciation to Mexico for its leadership over the past year and extend our full support to the Republic of Korea as it assumes leadership as MIKTA Chair.
Johannesburg, South Africa
20 February 2025
(자료 제공 - 외교부)